FIFTH GRADE

(minimum standards)

Reading

5.1.01 Continue to develop oral language and listening skills.

1. Listen attentively by facing the speaker, asking questions, and paraphrasing what is said.
2. Use established rules for conversation (e.g., do not interrupt, ask questions, provide appropriate feedback).
3. Understand, follow, and give oral multi-step directions that may include illustrations.
4. Formulate and respond to questions from teachers and other group members.
5. Participate in creative responses to text (e.g., choral reading, discussion, dramatization, and oral presentations).
6. Summarize orally what has been learned or accomplished after completing an activity or assignment.
7. Create and deliver an oral presentation that includes an introduction and conclusion.
8. Create and deliver an oral presentation that uses visual aids or props and incorporates several sources.
9. Use different voice levels and speech patterns for small groups, informal discussions, and reports.
10. Interpret and use a variety of non-verbal communication techniques (e.g., gestures, facial expression, posture).
11. Present and/or perform original or published literary work with a group and/or individually.
12. Participate in recitations of assigned/self-selected passages.

5.1.02 Demonstrate knowledge of concepts of print.

1. Use parts of text (e.g., title, title page, table of contents, chapter titles, glossary, appendix, and index).
2. Use common text features to enhance understanding (e.g., headings, keywords, graphics, captions, side bars, footnotes).
3. Recognize different forms of text (e.g., poems, plays, drama, letters, ads, journalism, historical fiction, biographies, autobiographies).

5.1.03 Expand reading skills through phonemic awareness.

1. Develop awareness of the sounds of language through repeated exposure to a variety of auditory experiences (e.g., poetry, music lyrics, sound effects, books on tape, read alouds).
2. Understand rhyming patterns in printed materials.
3. Respond and analyze the effects of sound in language. (e.g., alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhythm, beat).

5.1.04 Use decoding strategies to read unfamiliar words.

1. Continue to use knowledge of letter-sound correspondence knowledge and structural analysis to decode words.
2. Expand understanding and use of root words, prefixes, and suffixes to decode words.
3. Use syllabication to decode words.
4. Understand, recognize, and use spelling patterns and word families to decode words.
5. Decode unknown grade level words utilizing learned strategies and verify word meanings within the context.

5.1.05 Read to develop fluency, expression, accuracy, and confidence.

1. Increase confidence and poise in reading aloud (e.g., paired reading, shared reading, choral reading, echo reading, and reader’s theater).
2. Read with fluency and confidence from a variety of text (e.g., poetry, drama, newspapers, novels, textbooks).
3. Participate in guided oral reading.
4. Read orally using appropriate pronunciation, expression, and rate.
5. Adjust speed based on the purpose for reading and reading level.
6. Read independently daily.

5.1.06 Expand reading vocabulary.

1. Build vocabulary by listening to literature, participating in discussions, and reading self-selected texts.
2. Build vocabulary through frequent read alouds.
3. Infer word meanings using roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
4. Determine the meaning of unfamiliar words using context clues, dictionaries, glossaries, and other resources.
5. Use appropriate synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms.
6. Foster word consciousness (e.g., word play, word walls and word sorts).
7. Use context clues and pronunciation cues when appropriate to determine the correct meaning/usage of multiple meaning words.
8. Select the correct word to complete an analogy.
9. Explore the impact of vocabulary in evaluating ideas, information, and experiences.
10. Use word origins to determine the meaning of unknown words (e.g., Latin and Greek roots, meanings of commonly used foreign words).
11. Build vocabulary by reading from a wide variety of text and literary genres.

5.1.07 Employ pre-reading strategies to facilitate comprehension.

1. Set a purpose for reading (e.g., to understand, to interpret, to enjoy, to solve problems, to locate specific information/facts, to discover models for writing).
2. Utilize reference sources to build background for reading.
3. Organize prior knowledge using a variety of strategies (e.g., webbing, mapping, brainstorming, listing, outlining).
4. Explore significant words to be encountered in selected/assigned text.
5. Preview text using text features (e.g., illustrations/pictures, captions, graphs, diagrams, and headings).
6. Make predictions about text using text features (e.g., title, author, illustrations, and text format).
7. Relate text to prior personal and historical experiences, current events, as well as previously read print and non-print media.

5.1.08 Use active comprehension strategies to derive meaning while reading and check for understanding after reading.

1. Derive meaning while reading by
1. formulating clarifying questions.
2. predicting outcomes based upon prior knowledge and adjusting appropriately.
3. using metacognitive and self-monitoring reading strategies to improve comprehension (e.g., rereading, identifying miscues, reading ahead, asking for help, and drawing on earlier reading).
4. creating mental images.
5. expressing reactions and personal opinions to a selection or relating the selection to a personal experience.
6. making inferences and recognizing unstated assumptions.
7. verifying or modifying the pre-reading purpose.
8. drawing conclusions based on evidence gained.

b. Check for understanding after reading by

1. indicating sequence of events in fiction and nonfiction text.
2. selecting main idea and supporting details from text.
3. identifying the author’s purpose (e.g., to entertain, to inform, to explain, to persuade).
4. discussing similarities and differences in events and/or characters using evidence cited in three or more texts.
5. selecting, prioritizing, and organizing information to meet a specific purpose.
6. stating reasonable generalizations in reference to two or more pieces of text on a similar topic.
7. locating information to support opinions, predictions, and conclusions.
8. identifying cause and effect relationships.
9. distinguishing between fact/opinion and reality/fiction.
10. identifying and interpreting figurative language (e.g., idioms, similes, metaphors, hyperboles, personification, imagery).
11. recognizing a common theme between two passages.
12. reflecting upon comprehension strategies utilized to make meaning from text.

5.1.09 Develop appropriate informational skills and study skills to facilitate learning.

1. Use and discern appropriate reference sources in various formats (e.g., interviews with family, community leaders and government leaders; encyclopedias, card/electronic catalogs, almanacs, newspapers, and periodicals).
2. Use media (e.g., photographs, videos, films, the arts, on-line catalogs, non-fiction books, encyclopedias, CD-ROM references, internet) to view, read, and represent information.
3. Use current technology as a research and communication tool for personal interest, research, and clarification.
4. Understand a variety of informational texts which include primary sources (e.g., autobiographical sketches, letters, and diaries, directions, and internet sites).
5. Utilize the dictionary, glossary, thesaurus, and other word-referenced materials.
6. Skim materials to develop a general overview of content or to locate specific information.
7. Retrieve, organize, and represent information (e.g., charts, maps, graphs, forms, timelines, and outlines).
8. Develop notes that include important concepts, paraphrase, summaries, and identification of reference sources.
9. Develop an awareness of the effects of media (e.g., television, print materials, radio, internet, newspapers, periodicals) on daily life.
10. Identify the techniques of propaganda (i.e., bandwagon, loaded words, testimonials).
11. Gather and record information on a research topic using three or more sources.

5.1.10 Develop skills to facilitate reading to learn in a variety of content areas.

1. Develop and maintain vocabulary specific to content and to current events.
2. Locate information using available text features (e.g., maps, charts, graphics, indexes, glossaries, and tables of contents).
3. Apply comprehension skills and strategies to informational text (e.g., pre-reading and active comprehension).
4. Use self correction strategies while reading (e.g., pausing, rereading, consulting other sources, asking for help).
5. Determine and evaluate the reliability of sources on a given topic (e.g., editorials, newspapers, magazines, biographies, news reports and films).

5.1.11 Read independently for a variety of purposes.

1. Read for literary experience.
2. Read to gain information.
3. Read to perform a task.
4. Read for enjoyment.
5. Read to expand vocabulary.
6. Read to build fluency.

5.1.12 Experience various literary and media genres.

1. Read and recognize various literary (e.g., poetry, novels, historical fiction, nonfiction) and media (e.g. photographs, the arts, film, video) genres.
2. Predict and determine the sequence of events in a story including possible problems and solutions.
3. Identify the conflict of the plot.
4. Interpret a character’s feelings and identify his motives.
5. Trace changes in the main character and describe how this affects the plot.
6. Make inferences about print and non-print text.
7. Identify how culture, ethnic, and historical eras are represented in print and non-print texts.
8. Compare and contrast events and characters using evidence cited from print and non-print text(s).
9. Compare and contrast different versions of the same stories/events that reflect different cultures and/or different perspectives.
10. Summarize selected passages.
11. Retell a story from a different point of view.
12. Understand the way in which figurative language is used to derive meaning from text (e.g., personification, simile, metaphor, imagery, hyperbole).

5.1.13 Develop and sustain a motivation for reading.

1. Visit libraries/media centers and book fairs to explore books.
2. Use personal criteria to select reading material (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors, text difficulty, text, genres, recommendation of others).
3. Read daily from self-selected materials.
4. Relate literary experiences (e.g., book discussions, literacy circles, writing, oral presentations, artistic expressions).
5. Maintain a personal reading list or reading log/journal to reflect reading progress and accomplishments.
6. Experience and develop an awareness of literature that reflects a diverse society.
7. Choose to read as a leisure activity.

Writing

5.2.01 Engage in prewriting using a variety of strategies.

1. Generate and focus ideas through brainstorming and peer discussions.
2. Use print and non-print materials along with prior knowledge to provide background for writing.
3. Arrange ideas by using graphic organizers (e.g., listing, clustering, story maps, and webs).
4. Develop notes that include important concepts.
5. Construct an outline with main ideas and supporting details.
6. Select and refine a topic.
7. Determine appropriate audience.
8. Establish a purpose for writing.

5.2.02 Write for a variety of audiences and purposes.

1. Compose narratives (e.g., to entertain, to inform, to report)
2. Write frequently in the narrative mode.
3. Write in response to a standard prompt and/or select a prompt from a varied group.
4. Write to inform a particular audience about a specific issue.
5. Write a descriptive paragraph to create a visual image.
6. Explore and experience frequent opportunities for writing in the expository mode.
7. Write to acquire knowledge (e.g., clarify thinking, take notes, synthesize information, enhance communication).

5.2.03 Show evidence of drafting and revision with written work.

1. Select format based on purpose.
2. Write with a sense of audience.
3. Develop a paragraph with a topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence.
4. Maintain focus of topic with specific relevant supporting details.
5. Explain and/or illustrate key ideas.
6. Demonstrate syntactic variety.
7. Arrange multi-paragraph work in a logical and coherent order.
8. Write using appropriate time order words or transitional words/phrases.
9. Use correct page format (e.g., paragraphs, margins, indentations, and titles).
10. Revise to clarify thought, to refine ideas and to distinguish between important and unimportant information.
11. Use precise language including vivid words and figurative language.
12. Produce multiple drafts.

5.2.04 Include editing before the completion of finished work.

1. Edit for elements of language
2. Proofread using reference materials and technology.
3. Create readable documents.

5.2.05 Evaluate own and others’ writing.

1. Develop and use classroom rubrics for written work.
2. Use the state assessment rubric to make appropriate suggestions for improvement.
3. Participate in peer review and editing.
4. Review personal collection to determine progress.
5. Acknowledge and discuss diversity of individual writing styles.

5.2.06 Experience numerous publishing opportunities.

1. Produce a variety of written works (e.g., literature response, essays, "published" books, literary collections).
2. Incorporate photos, illustrations, charts, tables, or graphs.
3. Use technology for publishing individual and group work.
4. Identify and explore opportunities for publication (e.g., local and national contests, internet web sites, newspapers/periodicals).

5.2.07 Write narrative accounts.

1. Write in response to narrative prompts, including frequent opportunities for timed writing.
2. Write with developed characters, setting, and plot.
3. Write with well-developed organizational structure, sequence of events, and details.
4. Maintain focus of topic with specific relevant supporting details.
5. Elaborate through the use of sensory details, vivid words, and figurative language to establish a context that enables readers to visualize an event or experience.
6. Explain and/or illustrate key ideas.
7. Demonstrate syntactic variety (i.e., vary sentence structure).
8. Demonstrate facility in use of language (i.e., unique word choice).
9. Develop an identifiable voice.
10. Use classroom/state rubric as a guide for writing narrative accounts.

5.2.08 Write frequently across all content areas.

1. Produce a variety of creative works utilizing knowledge from the content areas (e.g., journals, letters to the editor, historical fiction).
2. Compose and respond to original questions and/or problems from all content areas.
3. Explain procedures used to solve problems encountered in content areas (e.g., science experiments, math problems, map and globe activities).
4. Investigate content specific topics to gather information and write.
5. Use experiences from the arts to write creatively and expressively.

5.2.09 Write expressively using original ideas, reflections, and observations.

1. Express thoughts and feelings using colorful, fully elaborated descriptions.
2. Incorporate vivid words and figurative language.
3. Write poems and stories based upon personal reflections, observations, and experiences.
4. View, read, or listen to examples of various writing styles.

5.2.10 Write in response to literature.

1. Write a letter to/as a character in a written work.
2. Create an optional ending for a story.
3. Retell a story from a different point of view.
4. Compare and contrast literary works.
5. Write a reader’s response to a literary work.
6. Write creative, imaginative, and original responses to literature (e.g., poems, raps, songs, stories).

5.2.11 Write in a variety of modes and genres.

1. Write narratives with vivid, sensory details.
2. Write descriptive papers which include vivid words and figurative language.
3. Write expository paragraphs that include multiple steps or examples to support explanation.
4. Write an essay to compare/contrast two or more people, places, things or ideas.
5. Create a variety of poems.
6. Write a research report using multiple sources and notes taken from those sources citing titles and authors.
7. Write friendly and business letters.
8. Write journalistic articles.
9. Use journal entries to demonstrate level of understanding.
10. Write an autobiographical account.

Elements of Language

5.3.01 Demonstrate knowledge of standard English usage.

1. Use nouns appropriately (e.g., common/proper, singular/plural; possessives; predicate nouns).
2. Use verbs appropriately (e.g., action/linking, regular/irregular; "be"/"have," verb phrases, agreement with subject in person and number).
3. Use pronouns appropriately (e.g., agreement with antecedent, reflexive, possessive, correct pronoun case).
4. Use adjectives appropriately (e.g., common/proper, predicate adjectives, demonstrative adjectives, proper comparative forms).
5. Use prepositions appropriately (e.g., place prepositional phrases in correct location within the sentence).
6. Use adverbs appropriately (e.g., proper comparative forms, adverbs of degree {too, very}).
7. Use conjunctions appropriately (e.g., coordinating).
8. Use interjections appropriately.
9. Recognize usage errors (e.g., double negatives, troublesome words {affect/effect, sit/set, lie/lay, may/can, leave/let, teach/learn}).
10. Recognize and appreciate cultural and regional differences signaled by word usage and vocabulary.

5.3.02 Demonstrate knowledge of standard English mechanics.

1. Capitalize correctly sentence beginnings, proper nouns and adjectives, titles, abbreviations, quotations, parts of friendly letters and business letters.
2. Use correct end of sentence punctuation (e.g., period, question mark).
3. Demonstrate knowledge of comma rules, colons (between the hour and minute and after the greeting of a business letter), semicolons (in combining sentences), and quotation marks in titles.
4. Demonstrate the correct use of quotation marks in conversation, including their use with capitalization, end marks, and explanatory material.
5. Form contractions and possessives using apostrophes.
6. Abbreviate words correctly.
7. Continue to write legibly.

5.3.03 Demonstrate knowledge of standard English spelling.

1. Spell high-frequency words correctly.
2. Spell correctly commonly misspelled words as appropriate to grade level.
3. Spell correctly words commonly used in content specific vocabulary.
4. Recognize misspelled words in the context of sentences.
5. Spell plurals and possessives correctly.
6. Use knowledge of root words, prefixes, suffixes, and structural analysis to spell words correctly.
7. Determine correct spelling of words utilizing electronic and print tools (e.g., spell checkers, dictionaries, lists, word walls, charts).
8. Identify correctly spelled homonyms within the context of sentences or phrases.
9. Proofread and edit for accuracy of spelling using appropriate strategies to confirm spelling and to correct errors.
10. Develop a consciousness toward correct spelling across all subject areas.

5.3.04 Demonstrate knowledge of correct sentence structure.

1. Use appropriate language structure in oral and written communication (e.g., subject-verb agreement in simple and compound sentences, correct word order, correct placement of modifiers).
2. Recognize and edit incomplete sentences and run-on sentences.
3. Combine simple sentences into compound sentences.
4. Combine sentences using compound subjects and/or predicates

Math Standards

Number and Operations

1. read and write numbers from thousandths to millions;
2. name the place value of a given digit from thousandths to millions;
3. use various models to show relationships among whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, and decimals (e.g., number lines, base ten blocks, Venn diagrams, hundreds boards);
4. communicate using mathematical language and symbols;
5. model proper fractions, improper fractions, and mixed numbers;
6. show the relationship between improper fractions and mixed numbers;
7. recognize and generate equivalent forms of commonly used fractions, decimals, and percents (e.g., 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4);
8. recognize relationships among commonly used fractions and decimals.
9. use commutative, associative, and identity properties;
10. explain and demonstrate the inverse nature of addition and subtraction;
11. explain and demonstrate the inverse nature of multiplication and division;
12. communicate the effects of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on size and order of numbers.
13. select appropriate methods and tools for computations (e.g., mental computation, estimation, calculators, paper and pencil);
14. explain why one from of a number might be more useful for computation than another form;
15. recognize reasonable estimates for operations;
16. add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers and decimals;
17. use models, benchmarks, and equivalent forms to add and subtract commonly used fractions with like and unlike denominators;
18. identify missing information and/or too much information in real-world problems;
19. solve multi-step real-world problems;
20. solve real-world problems using decimals, fractions, and percents.

Algebra

1. generalize and extend geometric and numerical patterns;
2. represent and analyze patterns and functions using words, tables, and graphs;
3. apply basic function rules.
4. demonstrate understanding that an equation is a number sentence stating two quantities are equal;
5. solve open sentences using informal methods and knowledge of operations;
6. represent the idea of a variable as an unknown quantity using a letter or a symbol;
7. express mathematical relationships using equations.
8. apply commutative, associative, zero, distributive, and identity properties;
9. show that division is not commutative.
10. investigate how a change in one variable relates to a change in a second variable;
11. use a variety of methods to compare and describe situations involving constant and/or varying rates of change.

Geometry

1. identify, compare, and analyze attributes of two- and three-dimensional figures;
2. use the attributes of geometric figures to develop definitions;
3. draw points, lines, line segments, rays, and angles;
4. identify and describe the attributes of a circle using appropriate mathematical language (e.g., radius, diameter, center);
5. use properties to classify geometric figures;
6. investigate and describe the results of subdividing and combining geometric figures;
7. compare and contrast congruent and symmetrical geometric figures;
8. describe characteristics of lines and angles (e.g., parallel, perpendicular, intersecting, right, acute, obtuse);
9. make and test hypothesis about geometric properties;
10. explore similarity.
11. describe location and movement using appropriate mathematical language;
12. find and specify points in Quadrant I of a coordinate system.
13. investigate, predict, and describe the results of transformations of two-dimensional figures (i.e., slides, flips, turns);
14. describe line and rotational symmetry in two-dimensional figures;
15. describe a motion or a series of motions that will show that two shapes are congruent.
16. construct and draw two- and three-dimensional geometric figures;
17. create and describe mental images of objects, patterns, and paths;
18. build a three-dimensional object from a two-dimensional representation (nets) of that object;
19. use visualization and spatial reasoning to solve real-world problems.

Measurement

1. demonstrate understanding of the concepts of length, perimeter, circumference, area, weight, capacity, volume, elapsed time, and angle measure;
2. demonstrate understanding that measurements are approximations;
3. understand how differences in units affect precision;
4. demonstrate understanding of the relationships among the units within the same system of measurements;
5. explore what happens to measurements of a two-dimensional shape when the shape is changed in some way (e.g., perimeter, area).
6. apply and explain appropriate estimation strategies using standard units of measure;
7. select and apply appropriate standard units to measure length, perimeter, area, capacity, volume, weight, time, temperature, and angles;
8. select and use appropriate tools for measuring in real-world situations;
9. solve real-world problems involving measurement and elapsed time;
10. read and record temperature using Fahrenheit and Celsius scales;
11. develop, understand, and use formulas to find the area of parallelograms and triangles;
12. explain and demonstrate how scale in maps and drawings shows relative size and distance;
13. develop informal strategies to determine the surface area and volume of rectangular solids.

Data Analysis and Probability

1. collect data using observations, surveys, and experiments;
2. understand how data-collection methods affect the nature of the data set;
3. represent data using pictographs, bar graphs, tables, circle graphs, and line graphs;
4. interpret data displayed in pictographs, bar graphs, tables, circle graphs, and line graphs.
5. use measures of central tendency (i.e., mean, median, mode);
6. relate mean, median, and mode to a visual representation of a data set;
7. find the range of a data set.
8. make predictions and justify conclusions based on data;
9. design investigations to address a question;
10. examine various representations of data to evaluate how accurately the data is depicted;
11. explain the importance of sample size in investigations.
12. describe the likelihood or chance of events as likely, unlikely, certain, equally likely, or impossible;
13. use a sample space to predict the probability of an event;
14. understand that the measure of the likelihood of an event can be represented as a number from 0-1.

Social Studies

Culture

1. Explain and explore immigrants.
2. Discuss cultural unity and diversity.
3. Identify expressions of culture and contributions (U.S. and other nations).
4. Explain similarities and differences of various cultures in Tennessee.

Economics

a. Describe the change from agricultural to industrial (19^th and 20^th Century).

b. Identify issues of the 1920’s and 1930’s.

c. Describe the change after WWII.

d. Understand free enterprise (Tennessee and U.S.)

e. Recognize the effects of immigrations, migrations and limited resources.

f. Identify the progress and opportunity for growth (TN and U.S.)

g. Understand the affects of supply and demand.

h. Identify the economic interdependence after WWII.

i. Understand mass production, specialization and division of labor.

j. Understand transportation, communication and geographic factors (TN).

Geography

1. Recognize cities’ physical features.
2. Understand latitude, longitude, grid and time zones (TN and U.S.).
3. Recognize landforms, climate, and natural resources as determining factors in the location and development of communities.
4. Describe human settlement patterns and land use in the United States and Tennessee.
5. Explain human modifications of the physical environment.
6. Recognize the impact of extreme natural events on human history.
7. Recognize population characteristics (TN and U.S.).
8. Identify and locate the geographical regions of the United States.
9. Explore ways technological advances enabled people to overcome geographic barriers.

Governance and Civics

1. Describe important individual rights including freedom of religion, speech, and press and the rights to assemble and petition the government.
2. Describe important due process rights including trial by jury and the right to an attorney.
3. Identify and compare leadership qualities of national leaders, past and present.
4. Recognize that a variety of formal and informal actors influence and shape public policy.
5. Explain the purposes of the United States Constitution as identified in the Preamble to the Constitution.
6. Identify the reasons for and describe the systems of checks and balances outlined in the United States Constitution.
7. Summarize the reasons for the creation of the Bill of Rights.
8. Summarize selected amendments to the Constitution such as those extending voting rights of United States citizens.
9. Analyze the post- Civil War amendments to the United States Constitution.
10. Identify examples of rights and responsibilities of citizens.
11. Examine the influence of public opinion on personal decision-making and government policy on public issues.
12. Explain how public policies and citizen behaviors may or may not reflect the stated ideals of a democratic republican form of government.
13. Explain how to contact elected and appointed leaders in state and local governments.
14. Identify key ideals of the United States’ democratic republican form of government such as individual human dignity, liberty, justice, equality, and the rule of law, and discuss their application in specific situations.
15. Recognize and interpret how the "common good" can be strengthened through various forms of citizen action.
16. Use knowledge of facts and concepts drawn from history, along with elements of historical inquiry to inform decision making about and action taking on public issues.
17. Explain selected patriotic symbols and landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty, the White House, and political symbols such as the donkey and the elephant
18. Describe how public policies are used to address issues of public concern.
19. Distinguish between national and state governments and compare their responsibilities in the United States federal system.
20. Explain how individuals can participate in civic affairs and political parties at the national level.
21. Identify leaders in the national governments, including the president and selected members of Congress, and their political parties and describe how they are elected.

History

Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

1. Identify the locations of the southern and northern states.
2. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of northern and southern economic resources.
3. Identify similar and different northern and southern social and cultural customs.
4. Identify sectional interests that led to the Civil War.
5. Describe the role of Tennessee in the Civil War
6. Chart the course of major events throughout the Civil War.
7. Identify components of the various plans for Reconstruction.
8. Evaluate the successes and failures of Reconstruction plans.
9. Decide the reasons for successes and failures of the various plans.
10. Assess th4 lasting impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction.

The Development of the Industrial United States (1870-1900)

1. Analyze the effects of immigration, migration, and resources on the economic development and growth of the United States.
2. Identify individual leaders of business and industry.
3. Explain how industry and mechanization changed ways of life in America and Tennessee.
4. Understand the rise of the American labor movement.
5. Describe how armed conflict, purchases, treaties, and land settlement resulted in further American expansion.
6. Assess the resistance of various groups to United States expansion.
7. Describe the people, lifestyles, and liberties in the American West.
8. Trace the growth and necessity of the Chinese in the American West.

The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)

1. Identify various Progressive reform efforts and their leaders.
2. Explain how rural areas and urban centers changed as a result of immigration and migration.
3. Identify areas in the world where the United States participated in diplomatic affairs and armed conflict.
4. Explain the causes of the Spanish American War and World War I.
5. Identify contributions of Tennessee natives such as Alvin York and Ida B. Wells.
6. Explain how American life changed dramatically due to the economy, technology, and ecological disasters.
7. Describe American life in the 1920’s including the impact of Constitutional amendments.
8. Explain the significance of the Harlem Renaissance.
9. Explain Tennessee’s role in the women’s suffrage movement.

The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)

1. Explain the events that led to the Great Depression.
2. Describe how the Great Depression affected American society as a whole.
3. Explain how Americans addressed the social and economic problems brought on by the Great Depression.
4. Describe how the Tennessee Valley Authority impacted life in Tennessee.
5. Describe the political and economic events that led to World War II.
6. Identify the significance of Pearl Harbor, D-Day, and Hiroshima.
7. Identify Tennessee’s involvement and the contributions of Tennessee natives such as Cordell Hull to the war effort.
8. Explain the political and economic effects of World War II on Europe and the United States.
9. Explain the social effects of World War II on American life.
10. Describe Japanese American internment and its conflict with American ideals.

Postwar United States (1945-1970’s)

1. Explain how the American economy changed after World War II.
2. Describe the influences of World War II on American society.
3. Describe the role United Nations in international affairs.
4. Explain United States’ involvement in Korea and Vietnam.
5. Describe the Soviet and American relationship during the Cold War.
6. Identify major political events of the presidential administrations during the Cold War.
7. Explain why the United States became involved in the space race.
8. Describe the struggle for racial and gender equality.
9. Explain Brown V. Board of Education and its importance of to the Civil Rights Movement.
10. Explain the contributions of Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Caesar Chavez.
11. Describe Tennessee’s involvement during the Civil Rights movement.

Contemporary United States (1968 to the present)

1. Explain how Watergate impacted the Nixon administration and Americans.
2. Describe the changing relationships between the United States and foreign countries.
3. Explain the significance of the Iran crisis.
4. Describe political and geographic changes in Europe following the fall of the Soviet Union.
5. Describe the growing impact of the media on public opinion.
6. Explain the effect of the computer on contemporary life in America.
7. Describe global environmental issues.
8. Describe the contributions of Tennessee to the arts.

Science Standards

Life Science

a. Draw and label the basic structures of plant and animal cells (i.e., cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts).

b. Compare and contrast the basic structures of plant and animal cells (i.e., cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus).

c. Differentiate among cells, tissues, organs and systems.

d. Explain how plants can be affected by changes in their environment.

e. Explain that plants produce food.

f. Describe how various plant structures are associated with food production (i.e., stems, leaves, stomata).

g. Explain the function of the flower in plant reproduction.

h. Observe specific plants and explain how they grow from and produce seeds (i.e. sunflowers, beans).

i. Compare and contrast how different plants reproduce (i.e. flowers, spores).

j. Describe the life cycle of a fast growing plant.

k. Classify plants according to their characteristics.

l. Compare how plants are adapted to different environments (e.g., palm tree, fir tree, cactus).

m. Explain how fossils provide information about the past.

n. Evaluate common causes of extinction.

o. Introduce the Skeletal/ Muscular and Circulatory Systems during the Ecosystems.

Earth and Space Science

a. Compare and contrast characteristics of the planets.

b. Explain why the moon appears to change shape.

c. Explain the difference between rotation and revolution in the solar system.

d. Analyze data obtained from studies of atmospheric conditions (i.e., air pressure, temperature, wind speed, precipitation).

e. Explain how different factors can affect the water cycle (i.e. drought, meteor impact, volcanic eruptions and forms of pollution).

f. Explain the implications of society’s dependence on non- renewable resources.

g. Choose the appropriate earth resource for a particular use (i.e. dam, road, fuel, monument and house foundation).

Physical Science

a. Explain the effect that gravity has on objects found on earth.

b. Demonstrate and explain the relationships among mass, force, and distance traveled.

c. Demonstrate and explain how slope affects the amount of force needed to move an object.

d. Explain how friction affects motion.

e. Explain conservation of matter (i.e. when an object is broken into parts the combined mass of the parts is equal to the mass of the original).

f. Explain how evaporation and condensation occur as a result of temperature change.

g. Explain why different types of matter freeze, melt, and/or evaporate at different rates.

h. Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.

i. Demonstrate and explain how energy can change form.

j. Explain that light reflects and refracts and sound reflects.

k. Describe the effect of lenses and surfaces on light.