SECOND GRADE
(minimum standards)

Reading
2.1.01
Develop oral language.
- Show evidence of expanding oral
language through vocabulary growth.
- Continue to implement rules for
conversation.
- Understand, follow, and give oral
directions.
- Participate in group discussion.
- Participate in creative responses to
text (e.g., choral reading, discussion, and dramatization).
- Respond to questions from teachers
and other group members.
- Narrate a personal story.
- Summarize lesson content.
2.1.02
Develop listening skills.
- Listen attentively to speaker for
specific information.
- Use appropriate listening skills
(e.g., does not interrupt, faces speaker, asks questions).
- Listens and responds to a variety of
media (e.g., books, audio tapes, videos).
- Recognize the difference between
formal and informal languages.
- Follow oral directions.
2.1.03
Demonstrate knowledge of concepts of print.
- Read and explain own writings.
- Recognize that groups of sentences
make a paragraph and paragraphs make a story.
- Recognize and use parts of a book
(e.g., title, author, illustrator, table of contents and glossary).
- Understand punctuation (e.g., period,
question mark, exclamation mark).
2.1.04
Develop and maintain phonemic awareness.
- Develop awareness of sounds of
language through repeated exposure to a variety of auditory experiences
(e.g., poetry, books on tape, music lyrics, sound effects, and read-alouds).
- Add, delete, and change targeted
sounds to modify or change words.
- Identify and produce rhyming words.
2.1.05
Develop and use decoding strategies.
- Use knowledge of letter-sound
correspondence and structural analysis to decode words.
- Use decoding strategies, such as
sounding out words, comparing similar words, breaking words into smaller
words, and looking for word parts (e.g., compound words, word families,
blends, and digraphs).
- Use known words to decode unknown
words.
- Apply knowledge of basic syllabication
rules.
2.1.06
Read to develop fluency, expression, accuracy and confidence.
- Read orally to develop fluency,
expression, accuracy, and confidence.
- Reflect punctuation within written
text while reading orally.
- Participate in guided, oral readings.
- Demonstrate the automatic recognition
of high frequency words.
- Read a variety of texts with fluency,
expression, accuracy and confidence.
- Read independently daily.
2.1.07
Develop and extend reading vocabulary.
- Build vocabulary by listening to literature,
participating in discussions, and reading self-selected and assigned
texts.
- Recognize common abbreviations and
contractions.
- Participate in shared reading.
- Manipulate word families, word wall
and word sorts.
- Match oral words to print words.
- Determine the meaning of unfamiliar
words (e.g., picture dictionary, picture clues, context clues and
structural analysis).
- Add endings to base words to make new
words (e.g., –ed, -ing, and –es).
- Identify simple multiple-meaning
words based on the appropriate meaning for the context.
- Build vocabulary through frequent
read-alouds.
2.1.08
Develop and use pre-reading strategies.
- Identify a purpose for reading.
- Participate in activities to build
background knowledge to make meaning from text.
- Make predictions about text.
- Use illustrations to preview text.
- Create graphic organizers (e.g., KWL,
webs, lists, story maps, charts).
- Connect life experience to
information and events in texts.
2.1.09
Use active comprehension strategies to derive meaning while reading and check
for understanding after reading.
- Derive meaning while reading
- employing self-correction strategies
(e.g., rereading, asking for help).
- participating in discussion about
text and relating selection to personal experience.
- predicting and adjusting outcomes
during reading.
- Check for understanding after reading
by
- recalling the sequence of events in
a story.
- drawing conclusions based on
evidence gained while reading.
- restating story events in order to
clarify and organize ideas.
- recognizing cause and effect.
- recognizing the main idea in picture
books and texts.
2.1.10
Introduce informational skills to facilitate learning.
- Recognize outside resources (e.g.,
family and community).
- Recognize a variety of print sources
(e.g., books, magazines, maps, charts, and graphs).
- Understand the purpose of various
reference materials (e.g., dictionary, encyclopedia).
- Use graphic organizers to aid in
understanding material from informational texts.
- Visit libraries and checks out
appropriate materials.
2.1.11
Develop skills to facilitate reading to learn in a variety of content areas.
- Develop content specific vocabulary.
- Use text features to locate
information (e.g., charts, maps and illustrations).
2.1.12
Read independently for a variety of purposes.
- Read for literary experience.
- Read to gain information.
- Read to perform a task.
- Read for enjoyment.
- Read to expand vocabulary.
- Read to build fluency.
2.1.13
Experience various literary and media genres.
- Read and view various literary (e.g.,
picture books, storybooks, fairy tales, nonfiction texts, poetry, lyrics
to songs) and media (e.g., illustrations, the arts, films, videos)
genres.
- Understand the main idea in a visual
message (e.g., pictures, cartoons, posters).
- Explore folktales and fables.
- Identify characters, plot, and
setting in print and non-print text.
- Recognize how the main character and
other characters interact with each other.
- Identify types of stories (e.g.,
folktales, fables, fairy tales).
- Determine whether the events in the
reading selection are real or fantasy.
- Compare and contrast different
stories.
- Determine the problem in a story and
discover its solution.
2.1.14
Develop and maintain a motivation to read.
- Visit libraries/media centers and regularly
check out materials.
- Share storybooks, poems,
environmental print, and own writing.
- Explore a wide variety of literature
through read alouds, tapes, and independent reading.
- Identify favorite stories,
informational text, authors and illustrators.
- Engage in a variety of literacy
activities voluntarily (e.g., self-select books and stories).
- Relate literary experiences to others
(e.g., book reports, sharing favorite stories).
- Experience daily opportunities to
read.
- Choose to read as a leisure activity.

Writing
2.2.01
Use a variety of pre-writing strategies.
- Brainstorm ideas with teachers and
peers.
- Write key thoughts and questions,
record reactions and observations.
- Construct graphic organizers to
establish understanding.
- Select a focus for writing.
- Use a variety of sources to gather
information.
2.2.02
Write for a variety of purposes.
- Write to acquire and exhibit
knowledge (e.g., sentences, answers to questions).
- Write to entertain (e.g., stories,
poems, riddles).
- Write to inform (e.g., friendly
letters, two or three step directions, journals).
2.2.03.
Show evidence of drafting and revision with written work.
- Compose first drafts using
appropriate parts of the writing process.
- Write in complete coherent sentences.
- Uses temporary spelling to spell
independently as necessary.
- Arrange events in logical and
sequential order.
- Reread draft.
- Sharpen the selected focus for
writing.
- Revise to clarify and refine writing
(e.g., rearrange words, sentences, paragraphs) and provide more
descriptive detail.
- Incorporate suggestions from peers
and teachers.
2.2.04
Include editing before the completion of finished work.
- Apply elements of language (e.g., end
marks, capitalization, and commas in a series).
- Edit for complete sentences.
- Use knowledge of letter sounds, word
parts, word segmentation, and syllabication to monitor and correct
spelling.
- Use classroom resources (e.g., word
walls, picture dictionaries, teacher, peers, appropriate technology,
student generated word books) to aid in proofreading.
- Identify words or phrases that could
be added to clarify meaning of written stories.
2.2.05
Evaluate own and others’ writing.
- Use a simple rubric to evaluate own
writing and group work.
- Evaluate own and others’ writing through
small group discussion and shared work.
- Review personal collection to
determine progress.
2.2.06
Experience numerous publishing opportunities.
- Prepare a variety of written work
(e.g., published books, stories and book reports).
- Incorporate photographs or
illustrations in written works.
- Use technology to publish writing.
- Share completed work.
- Create individual and classroom
books.
2.2.07
Write narrative accounts.
- Write a narrative having a beginning,
middle and ending.
- Write accounts of personal
experiences.
- Write group stories with a beginning,
middle, and end.
- Create readable documents with
legible handwriting.
2.2.08
Write frequently across content areas.
- Summarize concepts presented in
science (e.g., illustrations, sentences, paragraphs).
- Write stories about concepts
presented in social studies.
- Write in math journals, create math
stories, and write explanations for problem solving.
- Participate in shared writings about
the arts and personal activities.
2.2.09
Write expressively using original ideas, reflections, and observations.
- Write stories and poems.
- Write, when given time, place, and
materials.
- Write to express opinions and
judgments.
- Continue to maintain, with teacher assistance,
samples of writing and drawings that express opinions and judgments
(e.g., portfolio, journals, student-made books).
- Dictate or write stories (e.g., tape
recorder, adult, older student).
2.2.10
Write in response to literature.
- Describe setting, characters, and
events in detail.
- Write a different ending to a story.
- Write about a favorite character or
favorite part of a story.
- Compose a note or questions for a
favorite author.
- Summarize a story.
2.2.11
Write in a variety of modes and genres.
- Write friendly notes, invitations,
and messages.
- Write stories with a logical
sequence.
- Write poems.
- Write descriptive sentences.
- Write a report.
- Write in journals.
Elements of Language
2.3.01
Demonstrate knowledge of Standard English usage.
- Use nouns appropriately (e.g.,
singular and plural, common and proper, possessives).
- Use verbs appropriately (e.g., past
and present tense, agreement, action and linking, irregular).
- Use pronouns appropriately (e.g.,
pronoun case, subject and object agreement).
- Use adjectives appropriately (e.g.,
descriptive, comparative, superlative).
2.3.02
Demonstrate knowledge of Standard English mechanics.
- Capitalize the first word of a
sentence, names, pronoun "I," and proper nouns.
- Use correct punctuation at the end of
declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences and questions.
- Use commas correctly in a series of
one- word items (e.g., apples, oranges, and pears).
- Form contractions using apostrophes.
- Write legibly in manuscript.
2.2.03
Demonstrate knowledge of Standard English spelling.
- Spell high-frequency words correctly.
- Spell words correctly as appropriate
to grade level.
- Spell basic short-vowel, long-vowel
words and consonant blend patterns.
- Spell regular and irregular plurals
correctly (e.g., boy/boys, child/children).
- Use a dictionary to spell words
correctly and to verify spelling.
- Arrange words in alphabetical order
to the second letter.
2.3.04
Demonstrate knowledge of correct sentence structure.
- Use appropriate language structure in
oral and written communication (e.g., subject-verb agreement, correct
pronoun choice, and logical/appropriate correct word order).
- Distinguish between complete and
incomplete sentences.
- Identify and use statements,
questions, and exclamatory sentences in writing and speaking.
- Combine simple sentences into
compound sentences.

Math Standards
Number and Operations
- Count a set of objects to 100 using
an efficient grouping strategy (e.g., two’s, three's, five’s, ten’s);
- Count forward and backward by one
from any number less than 999;
- Read and write numerals to 999;
- Recognize the place value of a digit
in numbers to 999;
- Identify odd and even numbers to 100;
- Use concrete models or pictures to
show whether a fraction is less than a half, more than a half, or equal
to a half;
- Match the spoken, written, concrete,
and pictorial representations of halves, thirds, and fourths;
- Compare the unit fractions 1/2, 1/3,
and 1/4;
- Count the value of a set of coins up
to one dollar;
- Order whole numbers less than 1000;
- Compare two numbers using the
appropriate symbol (i.e., <, >, =);
- Represent numbers to 999 in flexible
ways using a variety of materials (e.g., 23 as 23 ones, 1 ten and 13
ones, and/or 2 tens and 3 ones);
- Apply the language of ordinal numbers
up to twentieth.
- Develop a story problem that
illustrates a given addition or subtraction number sentence;
- Use the number line to demonstrate
addition and subtraction;
- Write and identify number sentences
that describe situations involving addition and subtraction;
- Write and explain related addition
and subtraction sentence.
- Solve story problems involving
numbers to 100;
- Check for the reasonableness of
solutions;
- Use calculators in problem-solving
situations;
- Add and subtract efficiently and
accurately with single-digit numbers;
- Use a variety of strategies and
representations to add and subtract two-digit whole numbers;
- Explain and justify solution
strategies used in problem solving;
- Use estimation to justify the reasonableness
of a computation.
Algebra